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1. Which one of the following is a common symptom of age-related (senile) macular degeneration? a. Sudden painless loss of vision b. Severe ocular pain and photophobia c. Severe ocular pain associated with marked decrease in visual acuity. d. Decreased peripheral vision e. Distortion in the central visual field with decreased visual acuity. 2. Which one of the following is true regarding accommodative esotropia (strabismus) and amblyopia in children? a. Strabismus is caused by dysfunction of the ocular muscles, which pull the eye out of alignment. b. Treatment for accommodative esotropia usually consists of miotic eye drops c. The earlier amblyopia is detected and treated, the better the outcome d. Stereopsis and binocularity develop independently of eye alignment 3. A patient complaining of unilateral decreased vision is noted to have equal pupils in dim light. When you shine a bright penlight into the unaffected eye both pupils constrict briskly, but when you swing the light into the affected eye both pupils dilate. This is a sensitive diagnostic indicator of which one of the following? a. Macular degeneration b. Malingering c. Early glaucoma d. Anisometropia e. Optic nerve lesion 4. A 68-year-old white female who has essential hypertension and a history of acute myocardial infarction is brought to the emergency department complaining of sudden, painless left visual loss of 20 minutes' duration. Her vital signs are stable, and her blood pressure is 148/90 mm Hg. Her corrected visual acuity is: left-absent, with light indiscernible; right-20/60 (near/far). The external eye examination is entirely unremarkable. A retinal examination reveals findings shown. The most likely diagnosis is a. Acute narrow-angle glaucoma b. Optic neuritis c. Retinal hemorrhage d. Central retinal artery occlusion e Central retinal vein occlusion 5. A 73-year-old white female complains of difficulty reading for the past several months. Examination reveals 20/100 near vision bilaterally, and normal visual fields by confrontation. An ophthalmoscopic examination reveals only small yellow lesions clustered in the retina. The most likely diagnosis is a. Macular degeneration b. Glaucoma c. Cataract d. Central retinal vein occlusion e. Retinal detachment 6. Which one of the following eye operations involves creation of a corneal flap with ablation of a precise amount of corneal stroma, without sutures? a. Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) b. Radial keratotomy (RK) c. Photorefractive deratectomy (PRK) d. Laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK) e. Intrastromal corneal ring (ICR) 7. A mother brings in her 9-month-old daughter because she is concerned that her daughter's eyes are "crossed." The pregnancy, labor, delivery, and developmental history are all normal. There is no family history of significant ocular abnormalities. Examination of the child reveals a flat nasal bridge and wide epicanthal folds. The cornal light reflex is symmetric. The remainder of the eye examination is normal. These findings are consistent with a. Pseudostrabismus b. Esotropia c. Exophoria d. Bilateral hypertropia e. Accommodative esotropia 8. Which one of the following is the earliest finding in glaucoma? a. Halos around lights b. Mild ocular pain c. Mild ocular inflammation d. Loss of peripheral vision e. Elevation in intraocular pressure 9. A young mother brings her 18-month-old son to your because she thinks he has an eye problem. On physical examination, both red reflexes are present, and the child is able to follow a flashlight with both eyes open. However, when you perform the cover-uncover test, his left eye deviates outward when you uncover the right eye. You should inform the mother that a. The child is blind in the left eye b. The child will probably outgrow the problem c. The child may have strabismic amblyopia d. The child has diplopia e. The examination is normal 10. In which one of the following ocular conditions does the patient perceive "flashing lights" (photopsia)? a. Retinal tear b. Retinal artery occlusion c. Retinal vein occlusion d. Iritis e. Endophthalmitis 11. Keratoconjunctivities sicca is most characteristic of a. Fibromyalgia b. Rheumatoid arthritis c. Multiple sclerosis d. Sjogren's syndrome e. Systemic lupus erythematosus 12. True statements regarding diabetic retinopathy include which of the following? a. It is a leading cause of blindness in the United States for persons under the age of 60 b. Aspirin prevents the development of proliferative retinopathy c. Aspirin increases the risk of hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy d. Laser photocoagulation can reduce vision loss from proliferative retinopathy e. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy increases with the duration of the diabetes
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